{"id":14937,"date":"2025-12-04T10:49:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T10:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/?p=14937"},"modified":"2025-12-04T10:49:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T10:49:36","slug":"market-mood-index","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/market-mood-index\/","title":{"rendered":"Master Your Emotions: How the Market Mood Index Provides a Data-Driven Edge"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-what-is-the-market-mood-index-mmi\">What is the Market Mood Index (MMI)?<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-how-is-the-market-mood-index-built\">How is the Market Mood Index Built?<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-how-to-effectively-use-the-market-mood-index-chart\">How to Effectively Use the Market Mood Index Chart?<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p>In the stock market, emotions are considered the greatest enemies of profit. When fear grips the market, investors panic-sell, missing out on cheap valuations. When greed takes over, investors recklessly buy at inflated prices, only to face losses during the inevitable correction. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For disciplined Indian investors, there is a tool that available to combat this psychological gap is <strong>Market Mood Index (MMI). <\/strong>It\u2019s a highly valuable sentiment indicator that will translate the complex behavior of traders and investors into an easy-to-read score. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding <strong>market mood index today <\/strong>will tell you how the score is calculated, and what action to take in each zone which is vital for any trader looking to succeed in the dynamic Indian equity markets. This blog will help you understand the concept in a simple way. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7db5d4e6b561c6762abe476450a77dfd\" id=\"aioseo-what-is-the-market-mood-index-mmi\" style=\"color:#023368\">What is the Market Mood Index (MMI)?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Market Mood Index <\/strong>is a sentiment-tracking tool that prevailing emotional state of the Indian stock market-specifically focusing on the Nifty 50 and Sensex. The index operates on the principle of <strong>contrarian investing <\/strong>means smart investors will buy when others are fearful and sell when others are greedy. This <strong>market mood indicator <\/strong>will provide you with the objective data to adopt this contrarian stance. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The MMI uses a scale from 0 to 100, that are categorized into four emotional zones, let\u2019s see what they are;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>MMI Score Range<\/th><th>MMI Zone<\/th><th>Market Sentiment<\/th><th>Contrarian Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Below 30&nbsp;<\/td><td>Extreme Fear&nbsp;<\/td><td>Markets are oversold due to panic.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Time to Buy (Open fresh positions).&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30 to 50&nbsp;<\/td><td>Fear&nbsp;<\/td><td>Investors are nervous and cautious.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Accumulate (Cautious buying).&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50 to 70&nbsp;<\/td><td>Greed&nbsp;<\/td><td>Investors are overly optimistic and buy aggressively.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Trim (Avoid fresh buying\/Book for partial profits).&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Above 70&nbsp;<\/td><td>Extreme Greed&nbsp;<\/td><td>Markets are overbought; euphoria prevails.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Sell (Avoid fresh positions\/Book for major profits).&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tracking the <strong>marketmoodindex <\/strong>helps you to see the market\u2019s psychological state that will guide your long-term <a href=\"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/category\/investments\/\" title=\"\">investment<\/a> decisions. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d1e0453062f61bba160706fed71dd197\" id=\"aioseo-how-is-the-market-mood-index-built\" style=\"color:#023368\">How is the Market Mood Index Built?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike VIX, that only measures volatility, MMI combines six equally weighted factors to give a complete view of market psychology. The strength of the <strong>market mood indicator <\/strong>will completely lie in its comprehensiveness. The six components often used to calculate the MMI are given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Components<\/th><th>Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>FII Activity (Foreign Institutional Investor Activity)&nbsp;<\/td><td>What it measures: The net open interest of FIIs in Index Futures on the NSE. &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Volatility and Skew&nbsp;<\/td><td>What it measures:&nbsp;Volatility is gauged by the India VIX (India&#8217;s fear gauge) and Skew measures the difference in implied volatility between out-of-the-money (OTM) Put options and OTM Call options.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Market Momentum&nbsp;<\/td><td>What it measures: The difference between the 90-day and 30-day Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) of the Nifty 50.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Market Breadth&nbsp;<\/td><td>What it measures: Calculated using the Modified Arms Index, which compares the ratio of advancing stocks to declining stocks, factoring in their respective volumes.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Price Strength&nbsp;<\/td><td>What it measures: The net percentage difference between stocks trading near their 52-week highs versus those near their 52-week lows.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Demand for Gold&nbsp;<\/td><td>What it measures: The relative price return of Gold compared to the Nifty 50 over a recent period (e.g., the last two weeks).&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these components of MMI is assigned an equal weight and normalized to calculate the daily <strong>market mood index today. <\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/open.navia.co.in\/index-navia.php?utm_source=organic&#038;utm_medium=blog\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:flex; width:100%;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d1l8l3rp33cdzs.cloudfront.net\/images\/naviacee\/Open-free-demat-account%20%28blog%29%20%281%29.gif\" width=\"80%\" \nheight=\"auto\"  style=\"border-radius:10px; margin:5px auto;\"\/><\/a>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4640325e7aa73a6165a5e6b3f6d7f916\" id=\"aioseo-how-to-effectively-use-the-market-mood-index-chart\" style=\"color:#023368\">How to Effectively Use the Market Mood Index Chart?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>market mood index chart <\/strong>is a powerful visual tool that maps the MMI score against the underlying index (Nifty or Sensex) over time. It clearly illustrates how price tops often align with extreme greed, and price bottoms often align with extreme fear. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127b687350a50233d34d17d9a22bb2d7\" id=\"aioseo-contrarian-investing\" style=\"color:#ec4d37\">Contrarian Investing\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The MMI\u2019s best use in signaling opportunities to go against the herd;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Buy Now: <\/strong>When the MMI enters the Extreme Fear Zone (&lt;30), suggests that the selling pressure is irrational and the market is oversold. It is a good time to increase your exposure to high-quality stocks.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Sell High: <\/strong>When he MMI is in the <strong>Extreme Greed Zone (>70), <\/strong>the market is frothy and overvalued. And it is a good time to book profits and raise cash. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2624e9b4f83941f109e9348ae82ba0d8\" id=\"aioseo-risk-management\" style=\"color:#ec4d37\">Risk Management\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Use the MMI to adjust the size of your positions:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 If the <strong>market mood indicator <\/strong>is in extreme greed, reduce the size of your new <a href=\"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/category\/trading\/\" title=\"\">trades<\/a> and maintain strict stop-losses. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 If the MMI is in Extreme Fear, you can consider larger position sizing, as the risk-to-reward ratio is often favorable.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b3b92077669174d1fa92cab87b534e04\" id=\"aioseo-validation-not-prediction\" style=\"color:#ec4d37\">Validation Not Prediction\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We can say that MMI is a sentiment tool, not a perfect timing tool. That helps to validate the emotional context of a price move:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 If the Nifty is rising, but the MMI is only in the Neutral (50) zone; the rally has room to run.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 If the Nifty is rising, and the MMI is in Extreme Greed (85), you know that the rally is being fueled by euphoria and is on borrowed time.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b61eb40201d409c14b37a9294f34ecfc\" id=\"aioseo-conclusion\" style=\"color:#023368\">Conclusion\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>market mood index <\/strong>is a data-driven defense against the biggest enemy in trading: human emotion. It will measure the collective state of mind that gives you the clarity needed to act rationally when others are acting impulsively. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, the regular check of the <strong>market mood index today <\/strong>and understanding the logic will make you achieve in the vital contrarian edge. Also, remember the mantra: <strong>when the MMI is signaling fear, be brave; when it is signaling greed, be cautious. <\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Do You Find This Interesting?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ad2f72ca wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p>We\u2019d Love to Hear from you-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/form.typeform.com\/to\/bpQ8ZlDc\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"64\" src=\"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Yes-No-Button-1.png\" alt=\"feedback yes or no button\" class=\"wp-image-8901\" srcset=\"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Yes-No-Button-1.png 300w, https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Yes-No-Button-1-150x32.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58760cfe61182d3a0b6d4fab9e032985\" id=\"aioseo-frequently-asked-questions\" style=\"color:#023368\">Frequently Asked Questions\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" data-mobilecollapse=\"true\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>Is market mood a contrarian indicator?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\">\n\n<p>Yes, the Market Mood Index (MMI) is primarily used as a contrarian indicator. Its core principle is based on the idea that investors should go against the crowd. When the MMI registers Extreme Greed (high scores), it suggests the market is peaking and investors should be fearful (selling). Conversely, when the MMI registers Extreme Fear (low scores), it suggests the market is oversold due to panic, and investors should be greedy (buying).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>What is the market mood index?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\">\n\n<p>The Market Mood Index (MMI) is a composite sentiment indicator designed for the Indian stock market. It tracks the collective emotional state of investors, translating multiple underlying factors (such as volatility, momentum, and demand for safe assets) into a single score, typically ranging from 0 (Extreme Fear) to 100 (Extreme Greed). \u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>How reliable is the market mood index?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\">\n\n<p>The MMI is considered a moderately reliable indicator for identifying extremes, but it is not a perfect predictor of timing. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>How do professionals use market mood?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\">\n\n<p>Professional traders and analysts use the market mood for risk management and position sizing:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a3 Validating Entry\/Exit: They use it to confirm the emotional context of technical price action. If a stock hits resistance during a period of Extreme Greed, the sell signal is stronger.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a3 Adjusting Exposure: They aggressively reduce portfolio risk (sell\/trim positions) when the index is in the Greed Zone and look to deploy cash (buy\/increase exposure) when it is in the Fear Zone.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a3 Contrarian Confirmation: They ensure they are not making emotional decisions by confirming their actions align with a contrarian stance dictated by the index.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>Is trading 90% psychology?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-06407ac1-18ca-4704-855a-2ddb67f2935d\">\n\n<p>Yes, the widely accepted view among professional traders is that trading is predominantly psychological. While specific percentages vary, the consensus is that psychology and discipline (including risk control) account for 70% to 90% of trading success, while strategy and analysis make up the remainder.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>DISCLAIMER:<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Investment in securities market are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing. The securities quoted are exemplary and are not recommendatory. Full disclaimer:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/naviadisclaimer\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/naviadisclaimer<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the stock market, emotions are considered the greatest enemies of profit. When fear grips the market, investors panic-sell, missing out on cheap valuations. When greed takes over, investors recklessly buy at inflated prices, only to face losses during the inevitable correction. &nbsp; For disciplined Indian investors, there is a tool that available to combat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[11,7,21,22,847,53,32],"class_list":["post-14937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trading","tag-financial-goals","tag-indian-stock-markets","tag-investments","tag-investor","tag-market-mood-index","tag-marketperformance","tag-wealth-creation"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Market-Mood-Index-.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Navia Markets","author_link":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/author\/tradeplusonline\/"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14937"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14943,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14937\/revisions\/14943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/navia.co.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}